Premature rupture of membrane (PROM) is a membrane rupture that occurs before the onset of labor. Its incidence is 8 – 10%.

Placental abruption or abruptio placenta is a detachment of the normally implanted placenta after a period of viability but before the baby is born.

Rh incompatibility means when a mother with RH negative blood type bears an RH positive baby. And Rh sensitization means when the mother produces an antibody against Rh antigen.

Nature finds a way to design a perfect cycle due to hormonal effects. And ovaries and endometrium are involved in the process.

Leopold Maneuver is a physical examination done for pregnant women by doctors and midwives. It helps to identify the lie and the presentation of the baby in the womb.

During labor and delivery, the baby head tries to find the easiest way to pass the pelvic bone of the mother to reach the vaginal opening. The process is called cardinal movements of labor. And it has 7 major steps.